Akลam gazetesi yazarฤฑ, Prof.ย Deniz Gรถkรงeย 3 Eylรผl 2016โda The Economistโte yayฤฑmlanan bir yazฤฑnฤฑn tamamฤฑnฤฑ alฤฑntฤฑlayarak kรถลesindeย kullanฤฑldฤฑ. The Economistโte yayฤฑmlanmasฤฑndan tam 10 gรผn sonra aynฤฑ yazฤฑya kendi imzasฤฑnฤฑ atan Deniz Gรถkรงe, kaynak gรถstermediฤi ย yazฤฑsฤฑnda โรlkelerin en zor iลi istatistikรงi olmakโ baลlฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ kullandฤฑ.
Mulkiyehaber.net’in haberine gรถre, 13 Eylรผl 2016โda Akลamโda yayฤฑmlanan Deniz Gรถkรงeโnin yazฤฑsฤฑ:
โรlkelerin en zor iลi istatistikรงi olmak
Mark Twain vaktiyle kฤฑsa bir cรผmle sรถylemiล: โGerรงekler inatรงฤฑdฤฑr, deฤiลmez ama istatistikler daha esnektir!”ย รรผnkรผ uydurulmuล yรผksek GSYฤฐH ve dรผลรผk borรง rakamlarฤฑ kredi verenleri kolayca kandฤฑrabilir, daha ucuz fiyatlarla kredi verdirebilir. Uydurmaca enflasyon rakamlarฤฑ ise ekonomik endiลeleri ortadan kaldฤฑrฤฑr. Bu nedenle politikacฤฑlar veriler ile oynamaya bayฤฑlฤฑrlar. Sayฤฑlarฤฑ dรผrรผst olarak derlemek ise istatistikรงilerin iลidir. Ama bazen kรถtรผ olaylar da oluyor.
1937 yฤฑlฤฑnda Olimpy Kivkin adlฤฑ bir Rus istatistikรงisi, Sovyetlerin nรผfus sayฤฑsฤฑnฤฑn Stalinโin ilan ettiฤinden daha az olduฤunu sรถylediฤi iรงintevkif edilmiล ve kurลunlanarak รถldรผrรผlmรผลtรผ. Yunanistanโda hayat kolaydฤฑr diyen pek olamaz da, son dรถnemdeki baล istatistikรงi Andreas Georgiou kurลunlanmasa da suรงlu statรผsรผne getirildi. Suรงu siyasetรงilere gรถre Yunanaistanโฤฑn Bรผtรงe/GSYฤฐH sayฤฑsฤฑnฤฑn milli gelirin yรผzde 15.4 kadarฤฑ olduฤunu sรถylemekti. SAslฤฑnda bu rakam รงok uรงuk da deฤildi, ilk hesaplamalar yรผzde 13.6 olarak bulunmuลtu. Avrupa Komisyonu da Bay Giorgiouโnun sayฤฑlarฤฑnฤฑn doฤru olduฤunu tekrer tekrar gรผndeme getiriyordu. Kaldฤฑ ki Bay Giorgiouโnun IMFโde bu konularda 21 yฤฑl รงalฤฑลtฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑ da unutalฤฑm. Politikacฤฑlar ve onlarฤฑn yaฤcฤฑlarฤฑ ise, rakamlarฤฑ kasden bรผyรผttรผฤรผnรผ ve de bunun Yunanistanโa zarar verdiฤini sรถyleyip, gariban istatistikรงiyi mahkemeye vermiลlerdi. Yunanistanโฤฑn 2010 yฤฑlฤฑnda iflasฤฑnฤฑn sorumlusu olarak Georgiou suรงlu bulunuyordu. Ama gerรงekte Bay Georgiou ELSTAT denen kamu kuruluลunda Yunanistan iflas ettikten sonra รงalฤฑลmaya baลlamฤฑลtฤฑ. Buna raฤmen Bay Georgiouโnun Yunanistanโa 190 milyar dolar zarar verdiฤi iddia ediliyordu. Bay Georgiouโnun bรผyรผk boyuttaki ama gรผya yanlฤฑล sayฤฑlarฤฑ, politikacฤฑlara gรถre รผlkeye kredi verenlerin รงok yรผksek faiz uygulamasฤฑnฤฑ getirmiลti.
Mahkemeler bu iddialarฤฑn hepsini red etti. Ama bu yฤฑl 1 Aฤustosโta Yunanistan Anayasa Mahkenesi bir ayrฤฑ dava daha aรงtฤฑ. Bay Georgiou gรผya ELSTAT Yรถnetim Kurulunun, bรผtรงe aรงฤฑฤฤฑnฤฑn boyutu konusunda bir oylama yapmasฤฑnฤฑ engellemiลti.
Benzer bir olay aslฤฑnda sฤฑk sฤฑk gรผndeme gelir. 2013 yฤฑlฤฑnda Arjantinโde Baลkan Fernandez de Kirchner enflasyon rakamlarฤฑnฤฑ dรผลรผrmeye รงalฤฑลฤฑnca IMF Arjantinโin IMFโden รงฤฑkartฤฑlmasฤฑnฤฑ gรผndeme getirmiลti.
1970โli yฤฑllarda โCentral African Republicโ Diktatรถrรผ Jean Bedel Bokassa รผlke nรผfusunu yรผkseltmeyi emredince sayฤฑlar artฤฑrฤฑlmฤฑล ama kadฤฑnlar ve erkekelerin ayrฤฑ tutulan rakamlarฤฑnฤฑn toplamฤฑ yรผkseltilmiล sayฤฑlardan kรผรงรผk olarak kalmฤฑลtฤฑ, deฤiลtirilmemiลti.
Deniz Gรถkรงe’nin yazฤฑsฤฑnฤฑn Akลam Gazetesi’ndeki linki
ฤฐstatistikรงilik zordu, anladฤฑnฤฑz mฤฑ?โย
ย
ฤฐลte oย yazฤฑnฤฑn 3 Eylรผl 2016โda The Economistโte yayฤฑmlanan hali:
โPolitics and statistics Called to account”
โFACTS are stubborn,โ wrote Mark Twain, โbut statistics are more pliable.โ Because made-up GDP and borrowing figures can trick creditors into lending more cheaply, and fiddled inflation numbers can cover up economic woes, politicians are sometimes tempted to tweak data. It is the job of statisticians to keep numbers honest.
Occasionally, at a high price. In 1937 Olimpiy Kvitkin, a Russian statistician in charge of a census of the Soviet Union, was arrested and shot. His error was to find that the country contained fewer people than Joseph Stalin had announced (the dictatorโs brutal policies may have explained the shortfall).
Less extreme, but nonetheless shocking, is the case of Andreas Georgiou, who has gone from Greeceโs chief statistician to its chief scapegoat. Mr Georgiouโs crime? Estimating that the governmentโs budget deficit in 2009 was 15.4% of GDP.
Never mind that the first estimate of this figure had been only a little lower, at 13.6% of GDP. Never mind repeated confirmation from the European Commission that Mr Georgiouโs numbers were accurate. Never mind, too, his 21 years of experience at the IMF. Detractors across the political spectrum accused him of inflating the figures. They then took him to court.
At first they claimed that the alleged falsification led to the panic that ended in Greeceโs bail-out in 2010. Awkwardly, Mr Georgiou started at ELSTAT, the Greek statistical agency, after the bail-out. So the accusation changed. Now he is said to have caused Greece โฌ171 billion-worth ($190 billion) of damage. His supposedly false numbers justified the harsh conditions imposed by Greeceโs creditors.
Courts have rejected these charges three times. But on August 1st the Greek supreme court reopened the case. And in December Mr Georgiou faces a separate trial, in which he is accused of refusing to allow ELSTATโs board to use a vote to decide on the level of the deficit. Statistics are not supposed to work by ballot.
When it is politically difficult to stand up for harsh truths, external agencies can be statisticiansโ only fallback. So far it has fallen to the commission, rather than the Greek government, to speak up for Mr Georgiou. In a similar episode in 2013 in Argentina, where the then-president, Cristina Fernรกndez de Kirchner, had a penchant for prosecuting number-crunchers keen to report accurate inflation figures, the IMF threatened expulsion if statistics did not improve.
Statisticians know better than anyone that fiddling figures is hard. When Jean-Bรฉdel Bokassa, dictator of the Central African Republic in the 1970s, ordered a boost to population figures, the total duly went upโbut the separate tallies for men and women did not. Lies, damned lies and statistics? Thereโs a difference, all right. Ask a statistician.โย







