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รœnlรผ ekonomistten mรผthiลŸ intihal!

Prof. Deniz Gรถkรงe The Economist'teki yazฤฑyฤฑ bire bir kendi kรถลŸesine kopyaladฤฑ, ancak kaynak gรถstermedi
รœnlรผ ekonomistten mรผthiลŸ intihal! Borsatek

AkลŸam gazetesi yazarฤฑ, Prof.ย Deniz Gรถkรงeย 3 Eylรผl 2016โ€™da The Economistโ€™te yayฤฑmlanan bir yazฤฑnฤฑn tamamฤฑnฤฑ alฤฑntฤฑlayarak kรถลŸesindeย kullanฤฑldฤฑ. The Economistโ€™te yayฤฑmlanmasฤฑndan tam 10 gรผn sonra aynฤฑ yazฤฑya kendi imzasฤฑnฤฑ atan Deniz Gรถkรงe, kaynak gรถstermediฤŸi ย yazฤฑsฤฑnda โ€œรœlkelerin en zor iลŸi istatistikรงi olmakโ€ baลŸlฤฑฤŸฤฑnฤฑ kullandฤฑ.

Mulkiyehaber.net’in haberine gรถre, 13 Eylรผl 2016โ€™da AkลŸamโ€™da yayฤฑmlanan Deniz Gรถkรงeโ€™nin yazฤฑsฤฑ:

โ€œรœlkelerin en zor iลŸi istatistikรงi olmak

Mark Twain vaktiyle kฤฑsa bir cรผmle sรถylemiลŸ: โ€œGerรงekler inatรงฤฑdฤฑr, deฤŸiลŸmez ama istatistikler daha esnektir!”ย ร‡รผnkรผ uydurulmuลŸ yรผksek GSYฤฐH ve dรผลŸรผk borรง rakamlarฤฑ kredi verenleri kolayca kandฤฑrabilir, daha ucuz fiyatlarla kredi verdirebilir. Uydurmaca enflasyon rakamlarฤฑ ise ekonomik endiลŸeleri ortadan kaldฤฑrฤฑr. Bu nedenle politikacฤฑlar veriler ile oynamaya bayฤฑlฤฑrlar. Sayฤฑlarฤฑ dรผrรผst olarak derlemek ise istatistikรงilerin iลŸidir. Ama bazen kรถtรผ olaylar da oluyor.

1937 yฤฑlฤฑnda Olimpy Kivkin adlฤฑ bir Rus istatistikรงisi, Sovyetlerin nรผfus sayฤฑsฤฑnฤฑn Stalinโ€™in ilan ettiฤŸinden daha az olduฤŸunu sรถylediฤŸi iรงintevkif edilmiลŸ ve kurลŸunlanarak รถldรผrรผlmรผลŸtรผ. Yunanistanโ€™da hayat kolaydฤฑr diyen pek olamaz da, son dรถnemdeki baลŸ istatistikรงi Andreas Georgiou kurลŸunlanmasa da suรงlu statรผsรผne getirildi. Suรงu siyasetรงilere gรถre Yunanaistanโ€™ฤฑn Bรผtรงe/GSYฤฐH sayฤฑsฤฑnฤฑn milli gelirin yรผzde 15.4 kadarฤฑ olduฤŸunu sรถylemekti. SAslฤฑnda bu rakam รงok uรงuk da deฤŸildi, ilk hesaplamalar yรผzde 13.6 olarak bulunmuลŸtu. Avrupa Komisyonu da Bay Giorgiouโ€™nun sayฤฑlarฤฑnฤฑn doฤŸru olduฤŸunu tekrer tekrar gรผndeme getiriyordu. Kaldฤฑ ki Bay Giorgiouโ€™nun IMFโ€™de bu konularda 21 yฤฑl รงalฤฑลŸtฤฑฤŸฤฑnฤฑ da unutalฤฑm. Politikacฤฑlar ve onlarฤฑn yaฤŸcฤฑlarฤฑ ise, rakamlarฤฑ kasden bรผyรผttรผฤŸรผnรผ ve de bunun Yunanistanโ€™a zarar verdiฤŸini sรถyleyip, gariban istatistikรงiyi mahkemeye vermiลŸlerdi. Yunanistanโ€™ฤฑn 2010 yฤฑlฤฑnda iflasฤฑnฤฑn sorumlusu olarak Georgiou suรงlu bulunuyordu. Ama gerรงekte Bay Georgiou ELSTAT denen kamu kuruluลŸunda Yunanistan iflas ettikten sonra รงalฤฑลŸmaya baลŸlamฤฑลŸtฤฑ. Buna raฤŸmen Bay Georgiouโ€™nun Yunanistanโ€™a 190 milyar dolar zarar verdiฤŸi iddia ediliyordu. Bay Georgiouโ€™nun bรผyรผk boyuttaki ama gรผya yanlฤฑลŸ sayฤฑlarฤฑ, politikacฤฑlara gรถre รผlkeye kredi verenlerin รงok yรผksek faiz uygulamasฤฑnฤฑ getirmiลŸti.

Mahkemeler bu iddialarฤฑn hepsini red etti. Ama bu yฤฑl 1 AฤŸustosโ€™ta Yunanistan Anayasa Mahkenesi bir ayrฤฑ dava daha aรงtฤฑ. Bay Georgiou gรผya ELSTAT Yรถnetim Kurulunun, bรผtรงe aรงฤฑฤŸฤฑnฤฑn boyutu konusunda bir oylama yapmasฤฑnฤฑ engellemiลŸti.

Benzer bir olay aslฤฑnda sฤฑk sฤฑk gรผndeme gelir. 2013 yฤฑlฤฑnda Arjantinโ€™de BaลŸkan Fernandez de Kirchner enflasyon rakamlarฤฑnฤฑ dรผลŸรผrmeye รงalฤฑลŸฤฑnca IMF Arjantinโ€™in IMFโ€™den รงฤฑkartฤฑlmasฤฑnฤฑ gรผndeme getirmiลŸti.

1970โ€™li yฤฑllarda โ€˜Central African Republicโ€™ Diktatรถrรผ Jean Bedel Bokassa รผlke nรผfusunu yรผkseltmeyi emredince sayฤฑlar artฤฑrฤฑlmฤฑลŸ ama kadฤฑnlar ve erkekelerin ayrฤฑ tutulan rakamlarฤฑnฤฑn toplamฤฑ yรผkseltilmiลŸ sayฤฑlardan kรผรงรผk olarak kalmฤฑลŸtฤฑ, deฤŸiลŸtirilmemiลŸti.

Deniz Gรถkรงe’nin yazฤฑsฤฑnฤฑn AkลŸam Gazetesi’ndeki linki

ฤฐstatistikรงilik zordu, anladฤฑnฤฑz mฤฑ?โ€ย 

ย 

ฤฐลŸte oย yazฤฑnฤฑn 3 Eylรผl 2016โ€™da The Economistโ€™te yayฤฑmlanan hali:

โ€œPolitics and statistics Called to account”

โ€œFACTS are stubborn,โ€ wrote Mark Twain, โ€œbut statistics are more pliable.โ€ Because made-up GDP and borrowing figures can trick creditors into lending more cheaply, and fiddled inflation numbers can cover up economic woes, politicians are sometimes tempted to tweak data. It is the job of statisticians to keep numbers honest.

Occasionally, at a high price. In 1937 Olimpiy Kvitkin, a Russian statistician in charge of a census of the Soviet Union, was arrested and shot. His error was to find that the country contained fewer people than Joseph Stalin had announced (the dictatorโ€™s brutal policies may have explained the shortfall).

Less extreme, but nonetheless shocking, is the case of Andreas Georgiou, who has gone from Greeceโ€™s chief statistician to its chief scapegoat. Mr Georgiouโ€™s crime? Estimating that the governmentโ€™s budget deficit in 2009 was 15.4% of GDP.

Never mind that the first estimate of this figure had been only a little lower, at 13.6% of GDP. Never mind repeated confirmation from the European Commission that Mr Georgiouโ€™s numbers were accurate. Never mind, too, his 21 years of experience at the IMF. Detractors across the political spectrum accused him of inflating the figures. They then took him to court.

At first they claimed that the alleged falsification led to the panic that ended in Greeceโ€™s bail-out in 2010. Awkwardly, Mr Georgiou started at ELSTAT, the Greek statistical agency, after the bail-out. So the accusation changed. Now he is said to have caused Greece โ‚ฌ171 billion-worth ($190 billion) of damage. His supposedly false numbers justified the harsh conditions imposed by Greeceโ€™s creditors.

Courts have rejected these charges three times. But on August 1st the Greek supreme court reopened the case. And in December Mr Georgiou faces a separate trial, in which he is accused of refusing to allow ELSTATโ€™s board to use a vote to decide on the level of the deficit. Statistics are not supposed to work by ballot.

When it is politically difficult to stand up for harsh truths, external agencies can be statisticiansโ€™ only fallback. So far it has fallen to the commission, rather than the Greek government, to speak up for Mr Georgiou. In a similar episode in 2013 in Argentina, where the then-president, Cristina Fernรกndez de Kirchner, had a penchant for prosecuting number-crunchers keen to report accurate inflation figures, the IMF threatened expulsion if statistics did not improve.

Statisticians know better than anyone that fiddling figures is hard. When Jean-Bรฉdel Bokassa, dictator of the Central African Republic in the 1970s, ordered a boost to population figures, the total duly went upโ€”but the separate tallies for men and women did not. Lies, damned lies and statistics? Thereโ€™s a difference, all right. Ask a statistician.โ€ย 

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